Major World Events 1850 -1900
* 1851: The Great Exhibition in London was the world's first international Expo or World Fair.
* 1852: Frederick Douglass delivers his speech "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro" in Rochester, New York.
* 1857: Sir Joseph Whitworth designs the first long-range sniper rifle.
* 1857–1858: Indian Rebellion of 1857. The British Empire assumes control of India from the East India Company.
* 1858: Construction of Big Ben is completed.
* 1859–1869: Suez Canal is constructed.
* 1860: Giuseppe Garibaldi launches the Expedition of the Thousand.
* 1861: Russia abolishes serfdom.
* 1862–1877: Muslim Rebellion in north-west China.
* 1863: Formation of the International Red Cross is followed by the adoption of the First Geneva Convention in 1864.
* 1865–1877: Reconstruction in the United States; Slavery is banned in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
* 1868: Michael Barrett is the last person to be publicly hanged in England.
* 1869: The Suez Canal opens linking the Mediterranean to the Red Sea.
A barricade in the Paris Commune, 18 March 1871. Around 30,000 Parisians were killed, and thousands more were later executed.
Black Friday, 9 May 1873, Vienna Stock Exchange. The Panic of 1873 and Long Depression followed.
* 1870: Official dismantling of the Cultivation System and beginning of a 'Liberal Policy' of deregulated exploitation of the Netherlands East Indies.[26]
* 1870–1890: Long Depression in Western Europe and North America.
* 1871–1872: Famine in Persia is believed to have caused the death of 2 million.
* 1871: The Paris Commune briefly rules the French capital.
* 1872: Yellowstone National Park, the first national park, is created.
* 1874: The Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, and Graveurs, better known as the Impressionists, organize and present their first public group exhibition at the Paris studio of the photographer Nadar.
* 1874: The Home Rule Movement is established in Ireland.
* 1875: HMS Challenger surveys the deepest point in the Earth's oceans, the Challenger Deep
* 1876: Battle of the Little Bighorn leads to the death of General Custer and victory for the alliance of Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho
* 1876–1914: The massive expansion in population, territory, industry and wealth in the United States is referred to as the Gilded Age.
* 1877: Great Railroad Strike in the United States may have been the world's first nationwide labour strike.
* 1881: Wave of pogroms begins in the Russian Empire.
* 1881–1882: The Jules Ferry laws are passed in France establishing free, secular education.
* 1883: Krakatoa volcano explosion, one of the largest in modern history.
* 1883: The quagga is rendered extinct.
* 1886: Construction of the Statue of Liberty; Coca-Cola is developed.
* 1888: Founding of the shipping line Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM) that supported the unification and development of the colonial economy.[26]
* 1889: Eiffel Tower is inaugurated in Paris.
* 1890: First use of the electric chair as a method of execution.
* 1892: The World's Columbian Exposition was held in Chicago celebrating the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World.
* 1892: Fingerprinting is officially adopted for the first time.
* 1893: New Zealand becomes the first country to enact women's suffrage.
* 1893: The Coremans-de Vriendt law is passed in Belgium, creating legal equality for French and Dutch languages.
* 1894: Lombok War[26] The Dutch looted and destroyed the Cakranegara palace of Mataram.[27] J. L. A. Brandes, a Dutch philologist discovered and secured Nagarakretagama manuscript in Lombok royal library.
* 1896: Philippine Revolution ends declaring Philippines free from Spanish rule.
* 1898: The United States gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines after the Spanish–American War.
* 1898: Empress Dowager Cixi of China engineers a coup d'état, marking the end of the Hundred Days' Reform; the Guangxu Emperor is arrested.
* Exposition Universelle held in Paris, prominently featuring the growing art trend Art Nouveau.
* Eight nations invaded China at the same time and ransacked Forbidden City.
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Major Canadian Events 1850 -1900
- (1841) Act of Union united Upper and Lower Canada
- (1847) Telegraph line from London to Canada West completed; 65 immigrants died in Montreal; St. Lawrence canal system completed; typhus outbreak occurred as immigrants arrived in Ottawa
- (1849) Fire engulfed downtown Toronto, destroyed numerous buildings, including St. James Cathedral; 49th parallel boundary extended to Pacific Ocean
- (1850) Gold discovered in British Columbia; coal discovered on Vancouver Island
- (1852) Fire destroyed 11,000 homes in Montreal
- (1854) Great Western Railway opened, linked Toronto, Hamilton, Windsor; passenger train collided with gravel train at Baptiste Creek, killed 52
- (1857) Queen Victoria named Ottawa capital of Province of Canada; bridge over Desjardins Canal collapsed under passenger train, 60 killed
- (1858) Toronto Islands created after storm detached them from mainland
- (1862) Smallpox epidemic killed approximately 200,000 Indians
- (1867) Canada became sovereign nation by passage of British North America Act, colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick became one federal union
- (1868) Hudson Bay Company turned Rupert's Land and North-Western Territory over to Canada; Federal Militia passed, Canadian army created
- (1869) Newfoundland rejected Confederation with Canada; Red River Rebellion began; smallpox epidemic struck Canadian Plains tribes
- (1871) Treaty of Washington established fishing rights, Great Lakes trade between Canada, U.S.; last of British army left Canada; metric system legalized by Parliament
- (1873) Pacific Scandal occurred, Prime Minister Sir John Macdonald resigned; 60 killed in coal mine explosion in Nova Scotia; cyclone struck Cape Breton Island, killed 500; Canadian Labour Union founded
- (1881) Victoria steamer capsized on Thames River, killed 182 people
- (1883) Nickel-copper ore discovered at Murray Mine
- (1885) North-West Rebellion occurred; transcontinental railway completed; head tax on Chinese immigrants imposed; Banff National Park established
- (1887) U. S. imposed Fisheries Retaliation Act, created limits on Canadian fishermen and traders; 148 coal miners killed in mine explosion near Nanaimo, B.C.
- (1892) Fire destroyed two-thirds of St. Johns, Newfoundland
- (1896) Bridge collapse in Victoria, B.C. killed 55; gold discovered in Yukon, Klondike gold rush began
- (1899) First Canadian troops sent to overseas war (Boer War); rock slide in Quebec City killed 45