Open Library: BC Social Studies 9-12

UBC databases of biodiversity, fauna and flora

 

 

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Trail Six: UBC " Undergraduate Journal of Geography"

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Trail Six is a nationally recognized academic journal, published annually by students at the University of British Columbia’s Department of Geography. It exists to publish the exemplary scholarly work of undergraduate students within the field of geography in a peer-reviewed, academic setting.

Trail Six is reviewed by faculty members at the Department of Geography. Once submissions are short-listed by the editorial board, faculty members are invited to review the papers that align with their research interests and expertise. Reviewers and editors then proceed to collaborate with the authors to refine their writing before submitting a final draft for consideration before the Editors-in-Chief.

Content published in Trail Six is made available to the public on the principle that open-access research supports a global exchange of knowledge. The articles that constitute each volume are representative of the array of topics that comprise the discipline of geography. Situated at the intersection of the natural and social sciences, Trail Six continually seeks to disseminate innovative and original scholarship that appeals to the diverse intellectual palate of our readership."

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Europeana Collections: World War I from a European perspective

 

• Source

   

  

  Women in World War I
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  World War I postcards
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  World War I naval warfare
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  World War I letters
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  World War I Eastern front
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  World War I films

   

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    Telecommunication sounds
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    World War I Italian Front
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    World War I aerial warfare
  • 

    World War I diaries
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    World War I documents
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    World War I home front
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    World War I photographs
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    World War I prisoners of war

 

WW I Exhibition of war portraits

MLA Citation
Levy, Florence N. Exhibition of war portraits. The Committee, 1921

Encyclopedia of Hindu Architecture

Urban Studies 12

Content

• urbanization as a global phenomenon:

Sample topics:

• global urbanization trends and case studies in recent decades
• transnationalism and the interconnectedness of urban centres

• historic settlement patterns in urban centres:

Sample topics:

• historical trends:
  • urbanization
  • rural-urban migration
  • suburbanization
  • gentrification
• urban geography models of land use:
  • concentric zone model
  • Hoyt model
  • multiple nuclei model
  • urban realms model
• types of urban land use:
  • residential
  • transportation
  • institutional
  • recreational
  • commercial
  • industrial
• local and regional governance in B.C. and relationships with other levels of government:

Sample topics:

• how cities operate within a network of regional, national, and global urban systems:
  • sharing of services
  • funding models
  • elections
  • Federation of Canadian Municipalities,
  • Union of BC Municipalities
  • relationships with Treaty First Nations, Bands, and Métis Nation British Columbia

Human Geography 12

Content

Students are expected to know the following:

• demographic patterns of growth, decline, and movement
• relationships between cultural traits, use of physical space, and impacts on the environment
• relationship between First Peoples and the environment
• global agricultural practices
• industrialization, trade, and natural resource demands
• factors behind increased urbanization and its influence
  on societies and environments
• relationships between natural resources and patterns
  of population settlement and economic development
• political organization of geographic regions

............................................

Curricular Competencies – Elaborations

Sample topics:

• Map skills:
  • Use a map for navigation.
  • Understand a map legend.
  • Use map scales.
  • Understand latitude and longitude.
  • Understand topographic maps and contour lines.
• Mapping software and GIS tools
• Interpreting satellite images and photos

Sample activities:

• Research a contentious geographic issue by examining different sides of the issue, comparing the evidence, and reaching a conclusion.
  The following are some possible issues to research:
  • buying local versus imported produce
  • environmental impact of living in cities versus living in rural areas
  • impact of climate change on northern regions versus equatorial regions
• Compare different versions of a world map and talk about what the differences mean (e.g., Mercator projection makes Africa and Greenland
  look the same size even though they aren’t).

Key questions:

• What are some reasons that a company might move manufacturing of certain goods from one country to another?
• Is resource use and development always harmful to the landscape?
• How have our Canadian eating patterns changed over the last 100 years? Where did our food come from then? Where does it come from now? What do we eat now that we didn’t used to eat? Where does it come from?

Sample activities:

• Research a specific product (e.g., toothbrush, basketball, avocado). Where is it grown/sourced, manufactured and then sold?
• Find historical photos of the town you live in/were born in and compare them with how the town looks now. What changes happened and why?

Compare political systems in Canada with those in another country. What differences in values and beliefs might account for the very different ways countries govern themselves

Genocide Studies 12

Content

Sample activities:

• Assess the responsibility of historical figures for an important event. Assess how much responsibility should be assigned to different people,
  and evaluate whether their actions were justified given the historical context.
• Examine various media sources on a topic and assess how much of the language contains implicit and explicit moral judgments.

Sample topics:

• perpetrators: regimes and leaders
• demographics: vulnerable minorities
• heroes, bystanders, perpetrators

Key questions:

• What were the underlying social (or economic or cultural or political) conditions in Germany that led to the Holocaust?
• What was the role of individuals within the Khmer Rouge in determining the events of the genocide in Cambodia?
• Are all Khmer Rouge leaders equally significant in causing the genocide?

Sample topic:

• eight stages of genocide:
  • classification
  • symbolization
  • dehumanization
  • organization
  • polarization
  • preparation
  • extermination
  • denial

Sample topics:

• indigenous peoples and cultures
• Beothuk extinction
• Armenian genocide
• anti-Semitic pogroms
• Soviet Union and Ukraine (Holodomor famine)
• Japanese occupation of Korea and China

 

 

Economic Theory 12

Content

Students are expected to know the following:

• economic practice from money
  to mercantilism
• classical theories of value, growth,
  and distribution
• classical theories of money, banking,
  and government economic policy
• Marxist economics
• neoclassical economics and theories
  of markets
• Keynesian theory of money, investment,
  and cycles
• contemporary economic thought
• contemporary economics and First Peoples

• economic practice from money to mercantilism:

Sample topics:

• science, ideology, and paradigms in the history of economic thought
• barter to currency economies
• the economics of mercantilism and the importance of positive balance of trade
• physiocracy and its emphasis on agricultural production as the major component of national wealth
• impact of early industrialization on trade and business

• classical theories of value, growth, and distribution:

Sample topics:

• classical theories of income distribution
• Smith and Ricardo on the theory of value
• free trade
• Malthus on growth and population
• Mill and “the dismal science”
• subjectivist theories of value
• classical determinants of economic growth

• classical theories of money, banking, and government economic policy:

Sample topics:

• classical monetary theory
• classical public finance
• Say’s law, “gluts,” and business cycles
• classical economic policy in theory and practice

• Marxist economics:

Sample topics:

• Marx and the labour theory of value
• Marxist theory of money
• Marx on distribution
• Marxist theory of capital accumulation and crises

• neoclassical economics and theories of markets:

Sample topics:

• primacy of markets in determining supply and demand of goods and services in an economy
• money and credit
• interest rates
• business cycles

• Keynesian theory of money, investment, and cycles:

Sample topics:

• Keynes versus Say’s law and classical economics
• Keynesian theory of investment
• Keynes on money and speculation
• Keynes on the business cycle
• monetarism and the role of government in controlling the amount of money in circulation
• critiques of monetarism
• Rawls and distribution theory

• contemporary economic thought:

Sample topics:

• participatory economics
• rational expectations, business cycles, and markets
• financial instability
• recessions and financial crises

• contemporary economics and First Peoples:

Sample Topics:

• historical economic systems of B.C. and Canadian First Peoples
• socio-economic conditions for First Peoples in Canada
• First Peoples fiscal relationship with local, provincial, and federal governments
• relationship between urban and regional development and First Peoples economic development
• economic development on First Peoples lands
• significance of property rights

 

Contemporary Indigenous Studies 12

Content

 

Comparative World Religions 12

Content

Students are expected to know the following:

• characteristics of religion, mythology, and spirituality
• core beliefs, practices, and ethics of world religions, including spirituality in First Peoples cultures
• approaches to doctrines or belief systems
• institutional and social structures
• sacred texts, traditions, and narratives
• art, architecture, narratives, and other forms of expression
• relationship between religion and government at different times and places

• Compare and evaluate artifacts as evidence of the cultural influence of religion (evidence):

Key question:

• How is building design evidence of a religion’s cultural influence?

• Compare the growth and decline of religions over time, and determine the extent of continuity and changes in core beliefs and practices (continuity and change):

Key question:

• To what extent do modern religious practices adhere to ancient practices?

• Assess origins and influences of religious movements and groups (cause and consequence):

Key questions:

• What was the role of the Roman Empire in the early growth of Christianity in the 1st century?
• In what ways did Christianity influence the Roman Empire?

• Explain different religious perspectives on past or present people, places, issues, or events (perspective):

Key questions:

• What arguments do mainstream Canadian religious communities make about doctor-assisted suicide?

Is the “golden rule” common to all major religious belief systems? Explain your answer.

• characteristics of religion, mythology, and spirituality:

Key questions:

• What is religion?
• What is the relationship between spirituality and worldviews for First Peoples in Canada?

• core beliefs, practices, and ethics of world religions, including spirituality in First Peoples cultures:

Sample topics:

• doctrines and teachings
• worship, meditation, and prayer
• pillars of Islam
• observances and holidays

• approaches to doctrines or belief systems:

Sample topics:

• role of baptism
• conversion to belief
• evangelism
• non-belief

• institutional and social structures:

Sample topics:

• power relationships in religious leadership
• monastic communities
• theocracy
• caliphates
• church councils and assemblies
• churches, mosques, and temples

• sacred texts, traditions, and narratives:

Sample topics:

• indigenous oral traditions
• Biblical texts
• Pentateuch
• Quran, sharia
• myths

• art, architecture, narratives, and other forms of expression:

Sample topics:

• Cordoba, Spain
• Hagia Sophia

Renaissance

B.C. First Peoples 12

Content

• traditional territories of the B.C. First Nations and relationships with the land:

Sample topics:

• traditional territories of local First Nations
• Traditional territories may overlap.
• difference between political boundaries and traditional territories
• how the land shapes and influences First Peoples worldview (e.g., stewardship, cultural practices of the land, relationship to language)
• cultural and linguistic diversity that exists among B.C. First Peoples

• role of oral tradition for B.C. First Peoples:

Sample topics:

• Elders as knowledge keepers who share the history of their people and lands
• oral tradition as valid and legal evidence (e.g., Delgamuukw v. B.C., 1997; ownership of property, territory, and political agreements)
• stories, songs, music, and dance as forms of narrative
• Oral tradition shapes identity and connects to the past, present, and future.
• Oral tradition provides guiding principles for living.
• indigenous concept of time (e.g., spiralling versus linear)

• impact of historical exchanges of ideas, practices, and materials among local B.C. First Peoples and with non-indigenous peoples:

Sample topics:

• trade networks and routes
• settlement and migration patterns
• maritime and land fur trade
• exchange of goods, technology, economy, knowledge
• industries (e.g., gold rush, whaling)

• provincial and federal government policies and practices that have affected, and continue to affect, the responses
  of B.C. First Peoples to colonialism:

Sample topics:

• Indian Act and its amendments
• enfranchisement
• White Paper, Red Paper (Alberta), Brown Paper (B.C.)
• residential schools, including federal apology, Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Report
• treaties, including fishing and hunting rights
• Sixties Scoop and foster care system
• Canada’s constitution (e.g., Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms)
• UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

• resistance of B.C. First Peoples to colonialism:

Sample topics:

• political actions of local and provincial indigenous groups (e.g., Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, Métis Nation British Columbia)
• Tsilhqot'in War
• Gustafsen Lake
• Idle No More
• Judicial cases (e.g., Calder, 1973; Guerin, 1984; Sparrow, 1990; Van der Peet, 1996)
• Cindy Blackstock and the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal ruling
• ecological justice and protests (e.g., pipelines, logging, hydraulic fracturing, liquefied natural gas, hydroelectricity)

• role and significance of media in challenging and supporting the continuity of culture, language, and self-determination
  of B.C. First Peoples:

Sample topics:

• portrayal and representation of First Peoples in media
• repatriation and ownership of cultural objects
• ethics of copyright, patent rights, intellectual property, and appropriation

• commonalities and differences between governance systems of traditional and contemporary B.C. First Peoples:

Sample topics:

• traditional governance
• band system
• land claims and self-governance

• contemporary challenges facing B.C. First Peoples, including legacies of colonialism:

Sample topics:

• missing and murdered women
• stereotypes and institutionalized racism
• intergenerational trauma
• judicial and correctional system
• child welfare system

Asian Studies 12

Content

• resource distribution and physiographic features:

Sample topics:

• defining “Asia”
• geographic features, population density, climates, and environments of Asia
• natural borders, resource distribution, and impact of climate and physiographic features on trade, migration, and economies in Asia

• demography, migration, urbanization, and environmental issues:

Sample topics:

• migration within and away from Asia
• population growth and decline
• urbanization and the rise of megacities
• role of the state and markets in affecting migration patterns
• impact of climate change on livelihood
• standards of living (rural versus urban, and between regions and countries)

• industrialization, globalization, economic systems, and distribution of wealth:

Sample topics:

• growth, poverty, and inequality
• different standards of living and economic activities in Asian countries and regions
• pros and cons of foreign trade and investment in Asia and with Asia
• environmental sustainability and economic growth
• labour conditions and economic development
• export-led growth models
• rapid post-war economic growth and development in Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan
• role of the state in economic development
• uneven development, urbanization, and growing inequality within and between countries (e.g., the move from rural to urban centres
  in China and Bangladesh)

• development, structure, and function of political and social institutions:

Sample topics:

• rise of contemporary nation-states
• China (e.g., Chinese communism under Mao versus under Deng versus today)
• Vietnam
• India
• ideologies
• • health systems
  • education systems
  • social and political movements, including human rights initiatives:

  Sample topics:

  • aging populations in Japan and Korea
  • caste system in India
  • rise in economic inequality and youth unemployment
  • human rights issues (e.g., Rohingya, Uighurs, Tibet, North Korea; gender discrimination; honour killings)
  • contemporary social and political movements, including indigenous rights (e.g., Umbrella Protests in Hong Kong)
  • Southeast Asia’s modern statehood and multi-ethnic, multi-faith, multilingual populations
  • European and US colonization, and national liberation movements
  • local, regional, and global conflict and co-operation:

  Sample topics:

  • impact of colonialism in South, East, and Southeast Asia
  • Chinese Revolution
  • Indian independence movement
  • World War II in the Pacific
  • India–Pakistan partition
  • creation of Bangladesh
  • Korean War
  • Vietnam War
  • Sri Lankan ethnic conflict and civil war
  • local, regional, and national identities:

  Sample topics:

  • India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh after the British Raj
  • linguistic groups
  • China
  Vietnam and French influences

Political Studies 12

Content

Students are expected to know the following:

• structure and function of Canadian and
  First Peoples political institutions
• major ideologies and political systems
• election processes and electoral systems
• methods used by media, governments, or political groups to influence public opinion
• political power in democratic and
  non-democratic societies
• current and future public policy
• scope and characteristics of the international system
• issues in local, regional, national,
  and international politics

• structure and function of Canadian and First Peoples political institutions:

Sample topics:

• federal, provincial, and territorial legislatures
• First Peoples governance
• roles of executive, legislative, and judicial branches

• major ideologies and political systems:

Sample topics:

• ideologies:
  • liberalism
  • conservatism
  • democratic socialism
  • Libertarianism
• political systems:
  • democracy
  • theocracy
  • dictatorship
  • totalitarian state
• left-to-right political spectrum and two-dimensional representation, such as the political compass

Sample activities:

• Take online tests designed to represent your views on a linear or two-dimensional spectrum. Compare the questions asked and the methodology of two such tests.
• Compare the way terms such as “liberal” and “conservative” are used in Canada, the United States, and other countries.

• election processes and electoral systems:

Sample topics:

• electoral systems:
  • single-member plurality (first past the post)
  • proportional representation systems
  • single transferable vote
  • majoritarian
  • consensus-model elections in Nunavut and Northwest Territories
• processes for local, provincial, and federal elections
• outside factors in elections, such as opinion polls, campaign financing, third-party involvement, election advertising, and social media
• history of voting rights in Canada

Sample activities:

• Analyze the media coverage of one day in an election campaign or a significant day in politics. Review a variety of print, web, and broadcast sources. Consider placement and size of stories, images chosen, accuracy, and reporting bias.
• Compare electoral systems in Canada and another jurisdiction.

• methods used by media, governments, or political groups to influence public opinion:

Sample topics:

• lobbying
• media campaigns
• propaganda
• awareness or information campaigns
• public consultation

Sample activity:

• Prepare a case study of the influence of media, government, or political groups in shaping public perception of an issue.

• political power in democratic and non-democratic societies:

Sample topic:

• theories of power:
  • power over (power to compel, direct, or dictate) versus power to (power to influence, enable, or empower)

Sample activities:

• Identify and assess the leading factors empowering certain groups in society while disempowering others.
• Analyze the circumstances in which political power shifts from one group (or amalgam of groups) to another.

• current and future public policy:

Key question:

• When are governments proactive in the creation of policy and when are they reactive to the needs and demands of the population?

Sample Activity:

• Simulate the policy-making process on a current issue that involves the articulation of stakeholder perspectives (e.g., parliamentary committee stage, local community engagement process).

• scope and characteristics of the international system:

Sample topics:

• sovereign states
• intergovernmental organizations:
  • United Nations
  • NATO
  • EU

• non-governmental organizations
• social movements
• multinational corporations
• international law
• terrorism

Sample activities:

• Hold a model United Nations meeting.
• Simulate the meeting of another global organization.

• issues in local, regional, national, and international politics:

Sample topics:

• economic development
• sustainability

conflict resolution

Social Studies 9

Content

Students are expected to know the following:

 

political, social, economic, and technological revolutions

• Sample topics:
  • American Revolution
  • French Revolution
  • Industrial Revolution
  • Haitian Revolution
  • Red River Resistance, Northwest Resistance
  • advances in science and technology
  • industrialization
  • new methods of transportation, including the railway, steamships, cars, and aircraft

 

the continuing effects of imperialism and colonialism on indigenous peoples in Canada and around the world

• Sample topics:
  • impact of treaties on First Peoples (e.g., numbered treaties, Vancouver Island treaties)
  • impact of the Indian Act, including reservations and the residential school system
  • interactions between Europeans and First Peoples
  • the Scramble for Africa
  • Manifest Destiny in the United States
• Key questions:
  • What were the motivations for imperialism and colonialism during this period?
  • What role does imperialism and colonialism from this period have on events in present-day Canada and around the world?

 

global demographic shifts, including patterns of migration and population growth

• Sample topics:
  • slavery
  • disease, poverty, famine, and the search for land
  • why immigrants (including East and South Asian immigrants) came to BC and Canada, the
  • individual challenges they faced, and their contributions to BC and Canada
  • influences of immigration on Canada’s identity
  • historical reasons for the immigration of specific cultural groups to Canada (e.g., Irish potato famine, Chinese railway workforce, World War II refugees, underground railroad, Acadians, western settlement campaign, gold rushes)
• Key questions:
  • Did immigrants benefit from emigrating to Canada?
  • How did the arrival of new groups of immigrants affect Canadian identity?

 

nationalism and the development of modern nation-states, including Canada

local, regional, and global conflicts

discriminatory policies, attitudes, and historical wrongs

physiographic features of Canada and geological processes

• Sample topic:
  • connections between Canada’s natural resources and major economic activities
• Sample activities:
  • Compare and contrast physical features and natural resources in different regions of Canada
  • Role-play negotiations between a wide range of stakeholders involved in the decision to build a new mine or oil pipeline 
• Key questions:
  • What effect has the physical geography of Canada had on Canadian and regional identity?
  • What perspectives do different groups (e.g., environmental groups, people employed in the forest industry, First Peoples, urban and rural populations) have on the use of natural resources?

 

Gavrilo Princip

 

Social Justice 12

Content

• definitions, frameworks, and interpretations of social justice

Sample topics:

• definitions of social justice in local contexts
• equity and equality
• values, morality, ethics
• social service, social responsibility (e.g., Elizabeth Fry Society; Malala Fund)
• justice (e.g., restitution, restorative justice)

• self-identity and an individual's relationship to others

Sample topics:

• privilege and power
• diverse belief systems and worldviews of minority groups
• traditional and unceded territories of indigenous peoples
• inclusive and non-inclusive language

• social justice issues:

Sample topics:

• connections between and among such issues as:
  • race
  • poverty
  • LGBTQ rights
  • status of women
  • environmental and ecological justice
  • peace and globalization
  • disabilities
  • other marginalized and vulnerable groups
• social injustices in Canada and the world affecting individuals, groups, and society:

Sample topics:

• individual ideas, thoughts, beliefs, and actions
• group ideas, thoughts, beliefs, and actions:
  • Roma
  • women (e.g., education for girls in Afghanistan; property rights for women in the Middle East)
  • decriminalization of homosexuals
  • Shia and Suni minorities

• Syria
• Israel/Palestine

• policies and practices of institutions and systems:
  • United Nations, Declaration of the Rights of the Child
  • indigenous peoples
  • marriage and civil union laws
  • genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect
• governmental and non-governmental organizations in issues of social justice and injustice:

Sample topics:

• international laws
• UN resolutions and declarations
• Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
• human rights codes
• civil and criminal laws
• indigenous rights in Canada and globally

• processes, methods, and approaches individuals, groups, and institutions use to promote social justice:

Sample topics:

• activism, advocacy, and ally-building
• dispute and conflict resolution processes and practices
• social media and technology
• schooling and education

 

Physical Geography 12

Content

Sample activities:

• Undertake a field site visit to compare and contrast different plant communities.
• Use topographic maps to understand modern terrain patterns associated with historical events (e.g., glaciation).
• Use satellite imagery of cloud cover to look at atmospheric circulation patterns.
• Use GIS to map flood potential.
• Use air photos to view mountainous environments in order to examine life zones and hydrological patterns and processes.
• Use regional weather charts to explain current and near future local weather conditions.
• Develop an understanding of the concept of spatial scale by examining an issue at three scales (e.g., how is a changing climate impacting
  local water use, regional precipitation patterns, and global distribution of moisture?).

• Assess the significance of places by identifying the physical and/or human features that characterize them (sense of place):

Sample activities:

• Identify unique characteristics that help to make a place stand out, and determine how they were formed (e.g., river valleys and flood plains, volcanic activity).
• Develop boundaries on a map to delineate areas of regional differentiation (e.g., climate regions).

• Assess the interpretations of geographic evidence after investigating points of contention, reliability of sources, and adequacy
  of evidence (evidence and interpretation):

Sample topics:

• environmental issues around:
  • resource development
  • urban sprawl
  • infrastructure development in the form of dams or pipelines
• Draw conclusions about the variation and distribution of geographic phenomena over time and space (patterns and trends):

Key topics:

• Recognize patterns – geographic or environmental phenomena that repeat over time and space.
• Recognize trends – variations in the consistency of a natural phenomenon in a particular setting over a period of time.

Sample activities:

• Research the Ring of Fire, which encircles the Pacific, and how it has affected life in coastal British Columbia.
• Examine the impact of urban growth on soil erosion, the water cycle, agricultural land.
• Study the location of the world’s jungles or deserts: why are they there, how long have they been there, and how are they currently changing?

Research how mountains are formed and where they are found

• Evaluate how particular geographic actions or events affect human practices or outcomes (geographical value judgments):

Sample topic:

• climate change and rising sea levels, and how they affect the planet and people in different regions

• Evaluate features or aspects of geographic phenomena or locations to explain what makes them worthy of attention or recognition (geographical importance):

Sample topics:

• landforms and how they occurred (e.g., glaciated landscapes, volcanic features, stream drainage patterns, deserts)
• weather patterns, and possible changes to them
• extreme weather (hurricanes, tornadoes, hail, ice storms) and distribution of these events

• Identify and assess how human and environmental factors and events influence each other (interactions and associations):

Sample topics:

• human modification of the lithosphere for resource extraction, settlement, agriculture
• human modification of the atmosphere by changing the rate of exchange of gases (e.g., release of CO2 through burning of fossil fuels)
• human modification of the biosphere by hunting, domesticating, bio-altering, and geographically relocating other species
• storm protection of coastal cities by wetlands
• settlement patterns associated with access to natural resources (e.g., risk of farming on a flood plain in rich soils developed by river flooding)
• global climate change and ocean acidification
• deforestation
• coral reef bleaching
• depletion of ozone layer
• global atmospheric circulation patterns
• acid precipitation
• wild species at risk
• drainage patterns, agriculture, and coastal dead zones
• weather modification

• Make reasoned ethical judgments about controversial actions in the past and/or present, and determine whether we have a responsibility
  to respond (geographical value judgments):

Key questions:

• How much responsibility do we have for the environment?
• Should people sacrifice some of their standard of living to halt global climate change?
• Can the oceans survive human impacts?

What are the reasons for and against limiting natural resource extraction? Do you think we should limit extraction?

Philosophy 12

Content

• methods of reasoning and argument in philosophy:

Sample topics:

• logic and rational argument
• logical fallacies
• Socratic dialogue
• syllogisms
• induction and deduction
• criticising and making closing arguments
• rational decision making

• metaphysical theories about the nature of reality:

Sample topics:

• idealism
• realism
• materialism
• personal identity
• determinism and free will
• theism, deism, and atheism
• nihilism and existentialism
• positivism
• postmodernism

• epistemological theories about knowledge and truth:

Sample topics:

• rationalism
• empiricism
• pragmatism
• skepticism
• relativism
• appearance and reality

• social and political philosophy:

Sample topics:

• justice (e.g., distributive, restorative, retributive)
  • the good life
  • egoism versus altruism
  • deontology
  • utilitarianism
  • virtue ethics
  • environmental ethics
  • biomedical ethics
  • nihilism
  • the nature and value of beauty
  • art and emotion
  • aesthetic imagination and truth

Sample topics:

• the good life
• egoism versus altruism
• deontology
• utilitarianism
• virtue ethics
• environmental ethics
• biomedical ethics
• nihilism
• the nature and value of beauty
• art and emotion
• aesthetic imagination and truth
• the role of aesthetics (e.g., elegance) in science
• objectivism and subjectivism in artistic judgments

Law Studies 12

Content

• Assess and compare the significance and impact of legal systems or codes (significance):

Sample activities:

• Assess the significance of the Constitution Act, 1982, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to human rights in Canada.
• Analyze the role of global dispute resolution institutions and agencies in international human rights and economic development issues.
• Assess the role of the judiciary as a constitutional check on legislative power.
• Analyze the role of the International Court of Justice (the World Court) at The Hague in cases involving human rights abuses.
• Determine the importance of key legal principles, cases, social forces, and events in the evolution of
• Assess the impact that a law, court decision, or legal principle has on legal structures and/or the lives of citizens.
• Assess the impact of social and/or political forces on the development of law.

• Analyze continuities and changes in legal systems or codes across jurisdictions (continuity and change):

Sample activities:

• Compare and contrast different views on the role of the correctional system in Canada.
• Analyze how and why laws, justice system structures and practices, legal precedents, and legislative agendas change over time.
• Analyze forces that reinforce continuity and factors that have both short-term and long-term effects on legal systems and the administration
  of justice.

• Explain and infer multiple perspectives on legal systems or codes (perspective):

Sample activities:

• Analyze whether Canadian laws regarding the rights of minority groups evolved because of, or in spite of, popular support for change.
• Analyze legal principles such as fairness, justice, equality, the presumption of innocence, and the rule of law by examining a variety
  of legal issues, controversies, and cases.

• Make reasoned ethical judgments about legal systems or codes (ethical judgment):

Sample activity:

• Investigate ways the legal system has been used in the past to maintain inequalities.

• Make reasoned ethical judgments about controversial decisions, legislation, or policy (ethical judgment):

Sample activities:

• Assess cases in which the legal system has made rulings on human rights, and evaluate the extent to which these decisions advanced
  or infringed on the rights of those affected.
• Consider how laws affect society and how society affects laws.
• Examine the roles of the different branches of government in the development of law in Canada and how laws affect or accommodate
  different groups.

Consider the interactions between various sides in trials and other legal disputes.

Comparative Cultures 12

Content

• definitions of culture and how these have changed over time:

Sample topics:

• terminology such as “civilized” and “uncivilized”
• different perspectives when defining culture

• elements of culture and cultural expressions:

Sample topics:

• language
• key forms of artistic expression
• use of symbols and imagery
• cultural archetypes
• materials and techniques used by different cultures

• conflict and conflict resolution within and between cultures:

Sample topics:

• conquest of territory and the treatment of conquered people
• martial alliances and diplomacy
• conflicts over values or ideas
• conflicts over resources and wealth

• systems of power, authority, and governance:

Sample topics:

• leadership roles within cultures
• informal and formal leadership
• institutions of authority
• process for making and enforcing laws

• role of value systems and belief systems in the development of cultures:

Sample topics:

• religious doctrines
• values and morals
• philosophical beliefs
• myths, legends, and heroes

• interactions and exchanges between cultures:

Sample topics:

• exchanges of ideas and cultural transmission

• spread of technologies
• spread of religion and philosophy
• land-based and sea-based trade between cultures

• interactions between cultures and the natural environment:

Sample topics:

• climate and native plants and animals
• natural resources and economic development
• human adaptation to the physical environment:
  • Polynesian wayfinders’ use of ocean currents
  • Cree seasonal hunting practices
  • fish farming in B.C.
  • transportation issues in local urban development
• degrees of separation between the physical environment and cultural world:
  • San people’s relationship to water
  • Canadian First Peoples community water supplies
  • protection of waterways in central/northern B.C.
  • local urban life and bottled water usage
• interdependence of cultural identity and the physical environment:
  • Yanomamo group identity and hunting practices in the Amazon
  • Newfoundlanders, fishing, and identity

20th Century World History 12

Content

• the rise and rule of authoritarian regimes:

Sample topics:

• Chile and Pinochet
• Cambodia and Pol Pot
• Cuba and Castro
• Soviet Union from Lenin to Gorbachev
• North Korea and the Kim dynasty
• China and Mao
• Germany and Hitler
• Italy and Mussolini

• civil wars, independence movements, and revolution:

Sample topics:

• Soviet Union, 1917–21
• China, 1945–49
• decolonization
• Iranian Revolution
• guerilla warfare in Central and South America
• Vietnam, 1945–75

• human rights movements, including those of indigenous peoples:

Sample topics:

• women’s movement toward equality
• US civil rights movement (segregation and desegregation)
• struggle against apartheid
• Latin-American workers’ movements

• religious, ethnic, and/or cultural conflicts, including genocide:

Sample topics:

• cultural genocide of indigenous peoples
• genocide in Armenia, the Holocaust, in Cambodia, in Rwanda
• separatist movements (e.g., Quebec, Basque, Catalan, Ireland)

• global conflicts, including World War I, World War II, and the Cold War:

Sample topics:

• evolution of military technology (e.g., machine gun, to nuclear weapons, to drones)
• • arms race
  • militarism
  • espionage
  • migrations, movements, and territorial boundaries:

  Sample topics:

  • post-World War I Middle East
  • Palestine/Jewish settlement
  • suburbanization of the United States and Canada
  • interdependence and international co-operation:

  Sample topic:

  • UN peacekeeping missions
  • social and cultural developments:

  Sample topics:

  • changing role of women:
    • suffrage
    • pay equity
    • “second-wave” feminism of the 1960s
  • consumerism/capitalism:
    • 1920s boom
    • 1950s suburbanization and car culture
    • scarcity of goods in post-World War II Soviet satellite states
  • globalization:
    • change from nation state to internationalism
    • European Union supranationalism
    • free trade
    • World Trade Organization
  • communication and transportation technologies:

  Sample topics:

  • propaganda in democratic and totalitarian regimes
  • social and cultural impact of the automobile
  • role of media in shaping response to international conflicts
  role of television and radio in creating mass culture

 

 

Explorations in Social Studies 11

Content

 

 

Socials Studies 10

Content

• government, First Peoples governance, political institutions, and ideologies:

Sample topics:

• forms of government and decision-making models (e.g., parliamentary democracy, constitutional monarchy, consensus, autocracy, republic, monarchy, democracy, theocracy)
• consensus-based governance (e.g., Nunavut) and First Peoples self-governance models (e.g., Sechelt, Nisga'a, Tsawwassen)
• models for classifying political and economic ideologies (e.g., linear left/right; two-dimensional, such as political compass)
• ideologies (e.g., socialism, communism, capitalism, fascism, liberalism, conservatism, environmentalism, libertarianism, authoritarianism, feminism)
• levels and branches of government:
  • local, regional, territorial, provincial, federal
  • executive, legislative, judicial
• Indian Act:
  • Crown- and federal government–imposed governance structures on First Peoples communities (e.g., band councils)
  • title, treaties, and land claims (e.g., Nisga'a Treaty, Haida Gwaii Strategic Land Use Decision, Tsilhqot'in decision)
• Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
• elections and electoral systems:
  • election campaigns
  • minority and majority governments
  • proposals for electoral reform and alternative election systems
• environmental, political, and economic policies:

Sample topics:

• environmental issues, including climate change, renewable energy, overconsumption, water quality, food security, conservation
• stakeholders (e.g., First Peoples; industry and corporate leaders; local citizens; grassroots movements; special interest groups, including environmental organizations)
• other considerations in policy development, including cultural, societal, spiritual, land use, environmental
• social welfare programs (e.g., health care, education, basic income)
• national programs and projects:
  • national climate strategy, including carbon pricing and ending of coal-fired electricity generation
  • stimulus programs, infrastructure projects
• trade agreements:
  • NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement)
  • Trans-Pacific Partnership
• Canadian autonomy:

• Sample topics:

  • Canada and Britain (e.g., World War I; Statute of Westminster; Constitution Act, 1982)
  • Canada and the United States (e.g., free trade, bilateral defence, Montreal Protocol on acid rain)
  • Canada and the world (e.g., League of Nations, World War II, United Nations, Paris Climate Agreement)
  • Canada (treaties with First Peoples, Quebec sovereignty movements)
  • Canadian identities:

  Sample topics:

  • First Peoples identities (e.g., status, non-status, First Nations, Métis, Inuit)
  • Francophone identities (e.g., Franco-Ontarian, Acadian, Quebecois, Métis, bilingual)
  • immigration and multiculturalism:
    • immigration and refugee policies and practices
    • bilingualism and biculturalism (Official Languages Act)
    • multiculturalism policy (Canadian Multiculturalism Act)
    • cultural identities of subsequent generations (e.g., second-generation Japanese Canadian versus Canadian of Japanese descent
      versus Canadian)
  • manifestations or representations :
    • First Peoples arts, traditions, languages
    • place-based identities and sense of belonging (e.g., Haida Gwaii versus Queen Charlotte Islands; “up North” and “back East”;
      affinity for ocean air, wide-open spaces; spiritual ancestors)
    • media and art (e.g., CBC radio and television, Group of Seven, National Film Board, Canadian content)
    • scientific and technological innovations (e.g., snowmobile, insulin)
    • sports and international sporting events (e.g., hockey, Olympics)
  • discriminatory policies and injustices in Canada and the world, including residential schools, the head tax, the Komagata Maru incident, and internments:

  Sample topics:

  • women’s rights:
    • women’s suffrage, the Persons Case
    • the Royal Commission on the Status of Women (RCSW)
    • contraceptives and abortion
    • sexism
  • LGBT2Q+:
    • same-sex marriage
    • decriminalization of homosexuality
      • LGBT2Q+ civil liberties
      • sexism
      • national or ethnic discrimination:
        • Chinese Immigration Act
        • World War I internments (e.g., nationals of German, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires, including ethnic Ukrainians)
        • Denial of Jewish immigrants in interwar years
        • World War II internments (e.g., Japanese, Italian, German)
        • Indian Act (e.g., residential schools, voting rights, reserves and pass system, Sixties Scoop, and the White Paper)
        • Africville
      • political discrimination:
        • persecution, detention, and expulsion of suspected agitators
      • discrimination on intellectual and physical grounds:
        • employment and inclusion rights
        • institutionalization
        • forced sterilizations
      • advocacy for human rights, including findings and recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission:

    • Sample topics:

      • Truth and Reconciliation Commission report and calls to action (e.g., access to elders and First Peoples healing practices for First Peoples patients; appropriate commemoration ceremonies and burial markers for children who died at residential schools)
      • human rights tribunals
      • Canadian Bill of Rights and Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
      • Supreme Court challenges
      • international declarations (e.g., UN Declaration on the Rights of the Child; UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples)
      • anti-racism education and actions
      • First Peoples protest and advocacy movements (e.g., National Indian Brotherhood, Oka Crisis, Idle No More)
      • other protest and advocacy movements (e.g., Pride, women’s liberation, inclusion)
      • redress movements for historic wrongs (e.g., Japanese-Canadian Legacy Project, Truth and Reconciliation)
      • federal and provincial apologies (e.g., apology for Chinese Head Tax and Chinese Exclusion Act; Chinese Historical Wrongs Consultation Final Report and Recommendations regarding head tax and discriminatory treatment of Chinese immigrants; apologies for internments, residential schools, Komagata Maru)
      • domestic conflicts and co-operation:

      Sample topics:

      • Canadian constitutional issues:
        • global armed conflicts and Canada’s role in them (e.g., World War II, Korea, Suez, Cyprus, Gulf War, Somalia, Rwanda, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Syria)
        • non-participation in global armed conflicts (e.g., Chanak Crisis, Vietnam War, Iraq War)
        • involvement in international organizations and agreements, including League of Nations, United Nations, La Francophonie, Commonwealth, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), Group of Seven (G7), NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command), APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), WTO (World Trade Organization), Paris Climate Agreement, Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement, Ottawa Treaty
          • Meech Lake Accord
          • Charlottetown Accord
          • Calgary Declaration
          • Quebec sovereignty:
            • Quiet Revolution
            • October Crisis
            • Parti Québécois
            • Bloc Québécois
            • Bill 101
            • 1980 and 1995 referenda
          • First Peoples actions:
            • involvement in Meech Lake Accord
            • Oka Crisis, Gustafsen Lake Standoff, Ipperwash Crisis, Shannon’s Dream (Attawapiskat)
            • Idle No More
          • national and regional First Peoples organizations:
            • National Indian Brotherhood
            • Assembly of First Nations
          • international conflicts and co-operation:

        • support of non-governmental organizations (NGOs)